Shui-Wen Chang Chiena, Chun-Chia Huangb, and Min-Chao Wanga∗

a Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, Wufeng, Taichung County 413, Taiwan, R.O.C.
b Department of Soil and Environmental Sciences, National Chung Hsing University,Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C.

Download Citation: |
Download PDF


ABSTRACT

Animal manure composts contain a substantial amount of organic matter, subsequently containing a significant amount of humic substances.  In this study, we investigated the yields of refuse compost-derived humic substances and their analytical and spectroscopic characteristics.  The humic acid (HA) and fulvic acids (FAs) of humic substances were extracted from refuse compost and purified. The composition of humic substances were determined by elemental analysis and that of functional groups by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy with cross-polarization and magic-angle spinning (CPMAS 13C NMR).  Elemental analysis indicates that C and N contents of HA surpass those of FAs.  However, total functional group acidities of FAs were much greater than that of HA. Both FTIR and 13C NMR spectra indicate that carboxyl contents of FAs surpass that of HA.  The characteristics of compost-derived humic substances affects their reactions with metals especially heavy metals, which in turn affects the mobility and biotoxicities of heavy metals in soil and the associated environments.


Keywords: refuse compost; humic substances; humic acid; fulvic acid; Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy; 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy.


Share this article with your colleagues

 


REFERENCES

  1. [1] Deiana, S., Gessa, C., Manunza, B., Rausa, R., and Seeber, R. 1990. Analytical and spectroscopic characterization of humic acids extracted from sewage sludge, manure, and worm compost. Soil Science, 50: 419-424.

  2. [2] Schnitzer, M. and Khan, S. U. 1972. Characterization of humic substances by chemical methods. In “Humic substances in the environment”. Marcel Dekker, New York: 29-54

  3. [3] Sposito, G. 1986. Sorption of trace metals by humic materials in soils and natural waters. CRC Critical Reviews in Environmental Control, 16: 193-229.

  4. [4] Stevenson, F. J. 1994. “Humus chemistry: genesis, composition, reactions”. 2nd Ed., John Wiley & Sons, New York.

  5. [5] Chang, M., Wu, S., and Chen, C. 1997. Diffsion of volatile organic compounds in pressed humic acid disks. Environmental Science & Technology, 31: 2307-2312.

  6. [6] Shih, Y. H. and Wu, S. C. 2002. Sorption kinetics of toluene in humin under two different levels of relative humidity. Journal of Environmental Quality, 31: 970-978.

  7. [7] Schnitzer, M. 1969. Reaction between fulvic acid, a soil humic compound and inorganic soil constituents. Soil Science Society of America Procceeding, 33: 75-81.

  8. [8] Gamble, D. S., Schnitzer, M., and Hoffman, I. 1970. Cu2+-fulvic acid chelating equilibrium in 0.1 M KCl at 25 ℃. Canadian Journal of Chemistry, 48: 3197-3204.

  9. [9] Vinkler, P., Lakatos, B., and Meisel, J. 1976. Infrared spectroscopic investigations of humic substances and their metal complexes. Geoderma, 15: 231-242.

  10. [10] Piccolo, A. and Stevenson, F. J. 1981. Infrared spectra of Cu2+, Pb2+, and Ca2+ complexes of soil humic substances. Geoderma, 27: 195-208.

  11. [11] Chubin, R. G. and Street, J. J. 1981. Adsorption of cadmium on soil constituents in the presence of complexing ligands. Journal of Environmental Quality, 10: 225-228.

  12. [12] Gregor, J. E. and Powell, H. K. J. 1988. Application of sampled-d.c. anodic stripping votammetry to metal/fulvic acid equilibria. Analytica Chimica Acta, 211: 141-154.

  13. [13] Aiken, G. R. 1985. Isolation and concentration techniques for aquatic humic substances. In G.R. Aiken et al. (Ed.) “Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water”. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 363-385.

  14. [14] Hayes, M. H. B. 1985. Extraction of humic substances from soil. In G.R. Aiken et al. (Ed.) “Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water”. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 329-362.

  15. [15] Leenheer, J. A. 1985. Fractionation techniques for aquatic humic substances. In G.R. Aiken et al. (Ed.) “Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water”. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 409-429.

  16. [16] Swift, R. S. 1985. Fractionation of soil humic substances. In G.R. Aiken et al. (Ed.) “Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water”. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 387-408.

  17. [17] Wang, M. C. and Huang, P. M. 1987. Polycondensation of pyrogallol and glycine and the associated reactions as catalyzed by birnessite. Science of the Total Environment, 62: 435-442.

  18. [18] SAS Institute. 1996. The SAS system for Windows. Release 6.12. SAS Institute, Cary, NC.

  19. [19] Steel, R. G. D. and Torrie, J. H. 1980. Duncan’s new multiple-range test. In “Principles and procedures of statistics”. McGraw-Hill, New York: 187-188.

  20. [20] Senesi, N. and Sakellariadou, F. 1993. Trace metal ion binding by humic acids in marine and coastal sediments. Abstracts. The 2nd International Conference on the Biogeochemistry of Trace Element. Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.: 36.

  21. [21] Schoenau, J. J. and Bettany, J. R. 1987. Organic matter leaching as a component of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur cycles in a forest, grassland, and gleyed soil. Soil Science Society America Journal, 51: 646-651.

  22. [22] Steelink, C. 1985. Implications of elemental characteristics of humic substances. In G.R. Aiken et al. (Ed.) “Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water”. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 457-476.

  23. [23] Schnitzer, M. 1977. Recent findings on the characterization of humic substances extracted from soils from widely differing climatic zones. In “Soil organic matter studies II”. IAEA Bull. SM-211/7. IAEA Vienna: 117-130.

  24. [24] Hatcher, P. G., Breger, I. A., and Mattingly, M. A. 1980. Structural characteristics of fulvic acids from continental shelf sediments. Nature (London), 285: 560-562.

  25. [25] Schnitzer, M. and Ghosh, K. 1982. Characteristics of water soluble fulvic acid-copper and fulvic acid-iron complexes. Soil Science, 134: 354-363.

  26. [26] MacCarthy, P. and Rice, J. A. 1985. Spectroscopic methods (other than NMR) for determining functionality in humic substances. In G.R. Aiken et al. (Ed.) “Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water”. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 527-559

  27. [27] Boyd, S. A., Sommer, L. E., and Nelson, D.W. 1979. Infrared spectra of sewage sludge fractions: evidence for an amide metal binding site. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 43: 893-899.

  28. [28] Schnitzer, M. and Preston, C. M. 1986. Analysis of humic acid by solution and solid-state carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 50: 326-331.

  29. [29] Wilson, M. A. 1989. Solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of humic substances: Basic concepts and techniques. In M. H. B. Hayes et al. (Ed.) “Humic substances II: In search of structure”. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 309-338.

  30. [30] Wershaw, R. L. 1985. Application of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining functionality in humic substances. In G. R. Aiken et al. (Ed.) “Humic substances in soil, sediment, and water”. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 561-582.

  31. [31] Malcolm, R. L. 1989. Applications of solid-state 13C NMR spectroscopy to geochemical studies of humic substances. In M. H. B. Hayes et al. (Ed.) “Humic substances II: In search of structure”. John Wiley & Sons, New York: 339-372.

  32. [32] Skoog, D. A., Holler, F. J., and Nieman, T. A. 1998. Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. In “Principles of instrumental analysis”. 5th Ed. Harcourt Brace & Company, Philadelphia: 445-497.

  33. [33] Hatcher, P. G., Schnitzer, M., Dennis, L. W., and Maciel, G. E. 1981. Aromaticity of humic substances in soils. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 45: 1089-1094.

  34. [34] Schnitzer, M. and Preston, C. M. 1983. Effects of acid hydrolysis on the 13C NMR spectra of humic substances. Plant and Soil, 75: 201-211.

  35. [35] Preston, C. M. and Schnitzer, M. 1984. Effects of chemical modifications and extractants on the carbon-13 NMR spectra of humic materials. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 48: 305-311.

  36. [36] Chen, L. F. and Wang, M. C. 1992a. Analytical and spectroscopic characterization of humic acids extracted from two major arable soils in Taiwan. Journal of the Chinese Agricultural Chemical Society, 30: 33-42. (in Chinese).

  37. [37] Chen, L. F. and Wang, M. C. 1992b. Spectroscopic and other analytical characteristics of fulvic acids with different molecular weights extracted from two major arable soils in Taiwan. Journal of the Chinese Agricultural Chemical Society, 30: 441-453. (in Chinese).

  38. [38] Randall, E. W., Mahieu, N., and Ivanova, G. I. 1997. NMR studies of soil, soil organic matter and nutrients: spectroscopy and imaging. Geoderma, 80: 307-325.

  39. [39] Conte, P., Piccolo, A., van Lagen, B., Buurman, P., and de Jager, P. A. 1997a. Quantitative aspects of solid-state 13C-NMR spectra of humic substances from soils of volcanic systems. Geoderma, 80: 327-338.

  40. [40] Conte, P., Piccolo, A., van Lagen, B., Buurman, P., and de Jager, P. A. 1997b. Quantitative differences in evaluating soil humic substances by liquid- and solid-state 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Geoderma, 80: 339-352.

  41. [41] Perminova, I. V., Grechishcheva, N. Y., and Petrosyan, V. S. 1999. Relationships between structure and binding affinity of humic substance for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: Relevance of molecular descriptors. Environmental Science & Technology, 33: 3781-3787.

  42. [42] Chefetz, B., Deshmukh, A., Hatcher, P. G., and Guthrie, E. A. 2000. Pyrene sorption by natural organic matter. Environmental Science & Technology, 34: 2925-2930.

  43. [43] Sposito, G., Holtzclaw, K. M., LeVesque, C. S., and Johnston, C. T. 1982. Trace metal chemistry in arid-zone field soils amended with sewage sludge: II. Comparative study of the fulvic acid fraction. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 46: 265-270.


ARTICLE INFORMATION



Accepted: 2003-02-26
Available Online: 2003-03-01


Cite this article:

Chang Chien, S.-W , Huang, C.-C , Wang, M.-C.2003. Analytical and spectroscopic characteristics of refuse compost-derived humic substances, International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 1, 62–71. https://doi.org/10.6703/IJASE.2003.1(1).62

Other people also read ...