Tiur Elysabeth 1*, Azzah Afiifah N Cahyadi 1, Siti Lailatul Jamila 1, Euis Uswatun Hasanah 1, Farid Wajdi 2, Mohamad Jihan Shofa 2, Athiek Sri Redjeki 3, Slamet 4

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serang Raya, Serang, Indonesia

2 Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Serang Raya, Serang, Indonesia

3 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Central Jakarta, Indonesia

4 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Indonesia, Depok, Indonesia

 

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ABSTRACT

This study focused on the synthesis of sunscreen base materials utilizing photocatalytic substances, specifically TiO2 and ZnO. The modification of TiO2 and ZnO through the incorporation of Ag dopants aims to enhance their efficacy as sunscreens while also imparting antibacterial properties. The green synthesis employs natural materials, specifically the leaves of Gynura procumbens, which are rich in polyphenols for the reduction of Ag ions. The research methodology includes the extraction of Gynura procumbens leaves, the synthesis of Ag/TiO2 and Ag/ZnO, characterization, and performance testing. Performance testing will evaluate the materials capabilities as sunscreens and antibacterial agents, as well as their effectiveness in lotion formulation. The results of FESEM EDX, XRD, and FTIR did not show any changes in the overall morphology and structure of TiO2 and ZnO with the addition of Ag. However, the characterization results showed the presence of Ag in the structure of TiO2 and ZnO. SPF and antibacterial tests were carried out to prove the sunscreen and antibacterial properties of Ag/TiO2 and Ag/ZnO hybrid materials. The test results showed that there was an increase in the SPF value when Ag/TiO2 and Ag/ZnO were added to the plain lotion from 0 to 1.23. The antibacterial test showed that with a higher concentration (15% Ag) Ag/TiO2 can be antibacterial as evidenced by the emergence of an inhibition zone of 11.55 mm for Staphylococcus aureus during the incubation process for 24 h.


Keywords: Antibacterial agent, Bioreductor, Composite material, Gynura procumbens, Multifunctional lotion, Photocatalyst


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ARTICLE INFORMATION

Received: 2025-09-16
Revised: 2025-12-01
Accepted: 2025-12-22
Available Online: 2026-01-23


Cite this article:

Elysabeth, T., Cahyadi, A.A.N., Siti, L.J., Hasanah, E.U., Farid, W., Mohamad, J.S., Athiek, S.R., Slamet, 2026. Utilization of Gynura procumbens leaf extract as a bioreductor for the synthesis of Ag/TiO2 and Ag/ZnO and its application in multifunctional lotion. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 23, 2025230. https://doi.org/10.6703/IJASE.202603_23(1).008

  Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.

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