International Journal of

Automation and Smart Technology

Shruti Patil1, Venkatesh Mudaliar2, and Pooja Kamat1


1Assistant Professor, Symbiosis Institute of Technology, Pune
2Mtech Research Scholar, Symbiosis Institute of Technology

Download Citation: |
Download PDF


ABSTRACT


A chatbot is a software that can reproduce a discussion portraying a specific dimension of articulation among people and machines utilizing Natural Human Language. With the advent of AI, chatbots have developed from being minor guideline based models to progressively modern models. A striking highlight of the current chatbot frameworks is their capacity to maintain and support explicit highlights and settings of the discussions empowering them to have a human contact through the span of involvement. The paper expects to build up a detailed database with respect to the models utilized to deal with the learning of long haul conditions in a chatbot. The paper proposes a crossbreed Long Short Term Memory based Ensemble Network arrangement model to save the continuation of the specific situation. The proposed model uses a characterized number of Long Short Term Memory Networks as a major aspect of the amassed model working as one to create the aggregate forecast class for the info inquiry handled.


Keywords: Chatbot, AI, LSTM, Ensemble Method, GRU


Share this article with your colleagues

 


REFERENCES


  1. [1] Io, H. N., & Lee, C. B. (2017). Chatbots and conversational agents: A bibliometric analysis. 2017 IEEE International Conference on Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management (IEEM). https://doi.org/10.1109/ieem.2017.8289883

  2. [2] Lokman, A. S., & Ameedeen, M. A. (2018). Modern Chatbot Systems: A Technical Review. Proceedings of the Future Technologies Conference (FTC) 2018 Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing,1012-1023. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-02683-7_75

  3. [3] Goyal, P., Pandey, S., & Jain, K. (2018). Developing a Chatbot. Deep Learning for Natural Language Processing,169-229. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4842-3685-7_4

  4. [4] Salehinejad, H., Sankar, S., Barfett, J., Colak, E., & Valaee, S. (2017). Recent Advances in Recurrent Neural Networks. arXiv.org.

  5. [5] Verleysen, M., & François, D. (2005). The Curse of Dimensionality in Data Mining and Time Series Prediction. Computational Intelligence and Bioinspired Systems Lecture Notes in Computer Science,758-770. https://doi.org/10.1007/11494669_93

  6. [6] Lawrence, S., & Giles, C. (2000). Overfitting and neural networks: Conjugate gradient and backpropagation. Proceedings of the IEEE-INNS-ENNS International Joint Conference on Neural Networks. IJCNN 2000. Neural Computing: New Challenges and Perspectives for the New Millennium. https://doi.org/10.1109/ijcnn.2000.857823

  7. [7] Lipton, Zachary. (2015). A Critical Review of Recurrent Neural Networks for Sequence Learning.

  8. [8] Gradient Flow in Recurrent Nets: The Difficulty of Learning LongTerm Dependencies. (2009). A Field Guide to Dynamical Recurrent Networks. https://doi.org/10.1109/9780470544037.ch14

  9. [9] Olah, Christopher. Understanding LSTM Networks.n.d. 2019.

  10. [10] Hochreiter, S., & Schmidhuber, J. (1997). Long Short-Term Memory. Neural Computation,9(8), 1735-1780. https://doi.org/10.1162/neco.1997.9.8.1735

  11. [11] Gers, F. (1999). Learning to forget: Continual prediction with LSTM. 9th International Conference on Artificial Neural Networks: ICANN 99. https://doi.org/10.1049/cp:19991218

  12. [12] Chung, J., Gulcehre, C., Cho, K. and Bengio, Y. Chung, J., Gulcehre, C., Cho, K., & Bengio, Y. (2014). Empirical Evaluation of Gated Recurrent Neural Networks on Sequence Modeling arXiv:1412.3555

  13. [13] Collier, M. and Beel, J. Collier, M., & Beel, J. (2018). Implementing Neural Turing Machines. arXiv:1807.08518

  14. [14] Opitz, D., & Maclin, R. (1999). Popular Ensemble Methods: An Empirical Study. Journal of Artificial Intelligence Research,11, 169-198. https://doi.org/10.1613/jair.614

  15. [15] Hansen, L., & Salamon, P. (1990). Neural network ensembles. IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,12(10), 993-1001. https://doi.org/10.1109/34.58871

  16. [16] Chen, C., Wu, C., Lo, C., & Hwang, F. (2017). An Augmented Reality Question Answering System Based on Ensemble Neural Networks. IEEE Access,5, 17425-17435. https://doi.org/10.1109/access.2017.2743746

  17. [17] M. Nuruzzaman and O. K. Hussain, "A Survey on Chatbot Implementation in Customer Service Industry through Deep Neural Networks," 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE), Xi'an, 2018, pp. 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEBE.2018.00019

  18. [18] Lee, M. C., Chiang, S. Y., Yeh, S. C., & Wen, T. F. (2020). Study on emotion recognition and companion Chatbot using deep neural network. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS

  19. [19] Pathak, K., & Arya, A. (2019, November). A Metaphorical Study Of Variants Of Recurrent Neural Network Models For A Context Learning Chatbot. In 2019 4th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Networks (ISCON) (pp. 768-772). IEEE.

  20. [20] G. Dzakwan and A. Purwarianti, "Comparative Study of Topology and Feature Variants for Non-Task-Oriented Chatbot using Sequence to Sequence Learning," 2018 5th International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concept Theory and Applications (ICAICTA), Krabi, 2018, pp. 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAICTA.2018.8541285.

  21. [21] Bali, M., Mohanty, S., Chatterjee, S., Sarma, M., & Puravankara, R. Diabot: A Predictive Medical Chatbot using Ensemble Learning. 

  22. [22] M. Nuruzzaman and O. K. Hussain, "A Survey on Chatbot Implementation in Customer Service Industry through Deep Neural Networks," 2018 IEEE 15th International Conference on e-Business Engineering (ICEBE), Xi'an, 2018, pp. 54-61. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICEBE.2018.00019.

  23. [23] Lee, M. C., Chiang, S. Y., Yeh, S. C., & Wen, T. F. (2020). Study on emotion recognition and companion Chatbot using deep neural network. MULTIMEDIA TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS.

  24. [24] Bali, M., Mohanty, S., Chatterjee, S., Sarma, M., & Puravankara, R. Diabot: A Predictive Medical Chatbot using Ensemble Learning.

  25. [25] Pathak, K., & Arya, A. (2019, November). A Metaphorical Study Of Variants Of Recurrent Neural Network Models For A Context Learning Chatbot. In 2019 4th International Conference on Information Systems and Computer Networks (ISCON) (pp. 768-772). IEEE.

  26. [26] G. Dzakwan and A. Purwarianti, "Comparative Study of Topology and Feature Variants for Non-Task-Oriented Chatbot using Sequence to Sequence Learning," 2018 5th International Conference on Advanced Informatics: Concept Theory and Applications (ICAICTA), Krabi, 2018, pp. 135-140. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICAICTA.2018.8541285.


ARTICLE INFORMATION


Received: 2020-02-09

Accepted: 2020-05-17
Available Online: 2022-01-02


Cite this article:

Shruti. P., Venkatesh. M. and Pooja. K. (2022) LSTM based Ensemble Network to enhance the learning of Long-term Dependencies in Chatbot. Int. j. autom. smart technol. https://doi.org/10.5875/ausmt.v12i1.2286

  Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.