International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering
Published by Chaoyang University of Technology

Vistarani Arini Tiwow 1*, Treesje Katrina Londa 1, Alfrie Musa Rampengan 1, Ishak Pawarangan 1, Meytij Jeanne Rampe 2, Dolfie Paulus Pandara 3,  Henny Lieke Rampe 4

1 Department of Physics, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tondano 95618, Indonesia

2 Department of Chemistry, Universitas Negeri Manado, Tondano 95618, Indonesia

3 Department of Physics, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115, Indonesia

4 Department of Biology, Universitas Sam Ratulangi, Manado 95115, Indonesia

 

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ABSTRACT

Agricultural productivity depends on the physical and chemical properties of the soil, thus affecting the level of agricultural soil fertility. However, fertilization activities can increase the amount of pollutants. Environmental risks can affect environmental changes and reduce the fertility of agricultural land. Thus, a study was conducted to analyze magnetic susceptibility, electrical conductivity, and heavy metal contamination of surface soil in agricultural land in the Kumelembuai area, Tomohon City, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. The agromagnetic method with magnetic susceptibility parameters was used and supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and electrical conductivity. The results showed that a relatively high magnetic susceptibility value (χLF) indicated the presence of heavy metals resulting from fertilization. The electrical conductivity value of the surface soil obtained was not high enough, meaning that the ability of the surface soil in Kumelembuai to bind water was not strong enough. The lack of soil's ability to bind water can reduce soil fertility. XRD analysis shows the presence of Labradorite, Anorthite, Tridymite, Cristobalite, and Graphite minerals, which are important in providing good soil structure and supporting plant growth. XRF analysis shows high Fe content in the surface soil and the presence of heavy metals such as Ag and Pb. Thus, magnetic susceptibility can be obtained as a proxy indicator of surface soil in agricultural land residues.


Keywords: Magnetic susceptibility, Electrical conductivity, Surface soil, Heavy metals.


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ARTICLE INFORMATION

Received: 2025-07-28
Revised: 2025-10-11
Accepted: 2025-12-10
Available Online: 2026-02-02


Cite this article:

Vistarani, A.T., Treesje, K.L., Alfrie, M.R., Pawarangan, I., Meytij, J.R., Dolfie, P.P., Henny, L.R., 2026. Magnetic properties, electrical conductivity, and heavy metal contamination of surface soil in agricultural land environments. International Journal of Applied Science and Engineering, 23, 2025080. https://doi.org/10.6703/IJASE.202603_23(1).007

  Copyright The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are cited.

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